**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****
def upgrade(migrate_engine):
    meta = MetaData()
    meta.bind = migrate_engine
    # New table
    quota_classes = Table('quota_classes', meta,
                          Column('created_at', DateTime(timezone=False)),
                          Column('updated_at', DateTime(timezone=False)),
                          Column('deleted_at', DateTime(timezone=False)),
                          Column('deleted', Boolean(create_constraint=True,
                                                    name=None)),
                          Column('id', Integer(), primary_key=True),
                          Column('class_name',
                                 String(length=255),
                                 index=True),
                          Column('resource',
                                 String(length=255)),
                          Column('hard_limit', Integer(), nullable=True),
                          mysql_engine='InnoDB',
                          mysql_charset='utf8',
                          )
    try:
        quota_classes.create()
    except Exception:
        LOG.error(_("Table |%s| not created!"), repr(quota_classes))
        raise
    quota_usages = Table('quota_usages', meta,
                         Column('created_at', DateTime(timezone=False)),
                         Column('updated_at', DateTime(timezone=False)),
                         Column('deleted_at', DateTime(timezone=False)),
                         Column('deleted', Boolean(create_constraint=True,
                                                   name=None)),
                         Column('id', Integer(), primary_key=True),
                         Column('project_id',
                                String(length=255),
                                index=True),
                         Column('resource',
                                String(length=255)),
                         Column('in_use', Integer(), nullable=False),
                         Column('reserved', Integer(), nullable=False),
                         Column('until_refresh', Integer(), nullable=True),
                         mysql_engine='InnoDB',
                         mysql_charset='utf8',
                         )
    try:
        quota_usages.create()
    except Exception:
        LOG.error(_("Table |%s| not created!"), repr(quota_usages))
        raise
    reservations = Table('reservations', meta,
                         Column('created_at', DateTime(timezone=False)),
                         Column('updated_at', DateTime(timezone=False)),
                         Column('deleted_at', DateTime(timezone=False)),
                         Column('deleted', Boolean(create_constraint=True,
                                                   name=None)),
                         Column('id', Integer(), primary_key=True),
                         Column('uuid',
                                String(length=36),
                                nullable=False),
                         Column('usage_id',
                                Integer(),
                                ForeignKey('quota_usages.id'),
                                nullable=False),
                         Column('project_id',
                                String(length=255),
                                index=True),
                         Column('resource',
                                String(length=255)),
                         Column('delta', Integer(), nullable=False),
                         Column('expire', DateTime(timezone=False)),
                         mysql_engine='InnoDB',
                         mysql_charset='utf8',
                         )
    try:
        reservations.create()
    except Exception:
        LOG.error(_("Table |%s| not created!"), repr(reservations))
        raise
**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****
def downgrade(migrate_engine):
    meta = MetaData()
    meta.bind = migrate_engine
    if migrate_engine.name == 'mysql':
        # NOTE(jsbryant): MySQL Cannot drop the quota_usages table
        # until the foreign key reservations_ibfk_1 is removed.  We
        # remove the foreign key first, and then we drop the table.
        table = Table('reservations', meta, autoload=True)
        ref_table = Table('reservations', meta, autoload=True)
        params = {'columns': [table.c['usage_id']],
                  'refcolumns': [ref_table.c['id']],
                  'name': 'reservations_ibfk_1'}
        try:
            fkey = ForeignKeyConstraint(**params)
            fkey.drop()
        except Exception:
            LOG.error(_("Dropping foreign key reservations_ibfk_1 failed."))
    quota_classes = Table('quota_classes', meta, autoload=True)
    try:
        quota_classes.drop()
    except Exception:
        LOG.error(_("quota_classes table not dropped"))
        raise
    quota_usages = Table('quota_usages', meta, autoload=True)
    try:
        quota_usages.drop()
    except Exception:
        LOG.error(_("quota_usages table not dropped"))
        raise
    reservations = Table('reservations', meta, autoload=True)
    try:
        reservations.drop()
    except Exception:
        LOG.error(_("reservations table not dropped"))
        raise